TYPES OF DISABILITY IN THE WORLD

[Farhana Haque]

TYPES OF DISABILITY IN THE WORLD

Autism
'Autism' is a difficulty in development of brain growth that reveals itself within six months to
three years of a child being born. Persons with autism can appear extremely excited and
often display unnatural physical gestures.

Physical
Physical disability refers to a person who does not have one or both hands or legs, or is
partly or fully paralyzed in hand or leg function and/or cannot balance themselves without
support.

Psychosocial
Psychosocial refers to schizophrenia or other disabilities such as clinical depression, bipolar
disorder, post-traumatic stress, anxiety or phobic disorders that prevent persons from
engaging in daily activities.

Visual Impaired
According to this Act, there are 3 different kinds of visual disabilities:
1) Fully Visual: No visual function in both eyes. Vision below 6/60 or 20/200 is considered
fully blind.
2) Partially Visual: One eye is completely sightless or blind.
3) Indistinct Visual: Vision within 6/18 or 20/60 and 6/60 or 20/200 (between 20 degrees
to 40 degrees out of 60 is considered as insufficient blindness).

Speech Disability
According to this Act, persons with speech disabilities cannot speak well due to difficulties
in the palate.

Intellectual Disability
According to this Act, Intellectual Disability refers to the incapability of doing something on
the basis of age and cognitive ability that create barriers to work efficiently, as well as carry
out own daily activities without relying on others for help.

Hearing Disability
This refers to the incapability of hearing below 60 decibels (dB), the range of human hearing.
The three kinds of hearing disabilities are:
1) Totally Inaudible: Both ears are inaudible.
2) Partially Inaudible: One ear is fully inaudible.
3) Weaken Inaudible: Both ears can hear very little or sometimes fully inaudible.

Hearing-Visual Disability
Hearing-visual disability refers to persons who are incapable of hearing fully or partially, as
well as incapable of seeing fully or partially. There are four divisions among persons with
hearing-visual disability type:
1) Medium to severe position of hearing and visual disability
2) Medium to severe position of hearing, visual and other disabilities
3) Limitation of vision and hearing level
4) Decreasing vulnerability of vision and hearing capacity

Cerebral Palsy
Cerebral palsy refers to the incapability to function generally, or the limitation of performing
daily activities due to brain damage.

Down Syndrome
This is a disability passing from generation to generation where the 21st pair of chromosomes
has an extra chromosome, which weakens the muscular system, and develops short stature
and a circular face, which are considered to be characteristics of a person with Down
Syndrome.

Multiple Disabilities
Multiple disabilities refers to having more than one disability.
Deaf persons communicating in sign language A poster featuring Bengali sign language.